????? ??????????  ??????????

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José de Sousa Saramago

2010-1922

?? ?????, ????? ?????? ??????? ????: "????? ???? ?????????"

 ????? ????????? ?'??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ????????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????. ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ???????, ????? ????? ?? ???? "???????? ?????????", ????? "??? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???. ????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ??????????, ??????? ???? ???? ????? ????, ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????. ?? ?? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???. ?? ????? ???? ??? ????". (Saramago describes himself as a "hormonal communist - just as there's a hormone that makes my beard grow every day. I don't make excuses for what communist regimes have done - the church has done a lot of wrong things, burning people at the stake. But I have the right to keep my ideas. I've found nothing better." – The Guardian, 22.11.2008).

?'??? ?????, ???? ?-16 ??????? 1922 ???? ??????? (Azinhaga), ?-100 ?"? ????? ???????, ?????? ?????. ??? ???? ????, ?????? ??? ??? ?????, ????? ????? ????? ?????, ?????? ?????????. ??? ??? ?? 19 ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??????. ?? ???? ??????, "???? ????", ??? ???? ???? 37. ?? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??????. ?????, "?????? ????", "?????? ?? ?? ???", "?? ????????" ?"?? ???????" (????? ?????), ?????? ???? ???? ????, ????? ??????. ???? ???? ???? ?????, ????? ??, ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????. ???? 1998 ????? ??  ??? ???? ??????.

????? ???????? ??? ?"?????? ??? ???? ???, ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???.  ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????, ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????. ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ????, ??? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????, ??? ???? ????.

?????, "???? ??? ????", ?????? "?????? ??"? ???", ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????. ???? 1991 ??? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? (Lanzarote) ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????. ????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????.

???? 2008 ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??????, ?????? ?????????, ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??? "??????". ??? ???, "???? ?? ????? ??? ???????, ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?" ??????, ??? ?????? ???????  Einaudi, ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????????, ???? ?????  ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??????, "?????" (El Cuaderno). ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ????, ?? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ??????. ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? El Pais  ??? ?????, "????? ???? ????, ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????, ?? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ???-??? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ???????'? ?? ????. ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?"

            ????? ??? ??? ??? ???????, ?????? ?????????, ??? ???? ?? ?'???' ???, ???? ?????, ????????, ????? ?????, ????? ???? ?????? ?-Wall Street.

???? ?????

???????:

- ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????, ??????? ???????????:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XwMQkUUabG8

            - ???????? ????? - Falsa democracia

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m1nePkQAM4w

            - ?'??? ?????? ????? ?????, ???? - José & Pilar love

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fq3h_K8PL_g

            - ?????? ?????? ????? ????????? ??????? ???? (Christine Rousseau) ??????? ?-?? ???? (23.11.2006) ??? ??????,

"????? ???? ?????????"

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- ?? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????????, ??? ????, "?? ????????", ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???????.

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- ???????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???????, ?? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????  ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???????, ????, ?????? ???? ??, ??? ?????? ?????. ????????, ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????, ?????? ????-????????. ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????????. ????? ??????, ??????? ???? ??? ??????.  ???? ???? ????, ????? ????? ?? ????????? ??????????, ???? ?????, ?????, "????? ?????? ?-15 ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????????." ????????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? 50 ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????, ???? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????, ??? ????? ?? ?????. ????? ???, ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ???, ???? ??????? ???????, ??? ????: "?? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????, ?? ?????? ??? ???. ???? ??????, ??? ???? ?? ????????? !" ??? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??? (?'??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ???? 1959, ????? ?????? ????????? ???? 1974 ?????? ?? ?????????, ?"?). ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????: "???????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????????". ?? ?? ?? ????, ????? ?????.

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- ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???; ?? ????, ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??, ?????????. ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????????, ??? ??? ??????, ??? ??? ?????? ? ?? ??? ?????? ??????, ?? ????? ????? ???. ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??????. ????, ?? ???? ????? ???? ?????, ???? ???? ????????, ????? ???; ????, ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????????, ??? ????? ?????-??? ?? ????????.

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- ???? ?????? ????? ?????, ????? ???? ?????? ??????, ???? ????? ????? ?? ????, ?? ?? ???? ???. ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???, ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ???  ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ?????????? (International Monetary Fund – IMF) ?? ????? ???? ?????? World Trade Organization - WTO)) ????? ????????. ????? ???? ???????????. ?????? ?????, "????????? ??? ????? ???, ??????? ??? ??????", ???? ?"????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????".

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